Enhanced Hydrolysis of Excess Sludge by Two Surfactants

The hydrolysis efficiency of excess sludge by the two surfactants (SDS and SDBS) was investigated according to COD dissolution rate, concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein. The results showed that the hydrolysis of excess sludge was improved by using the two surfactants. When the dosage was in low range, SCOD concentration increased significantly with dosage increasing. But the increase of SCOD was not obvious when the dosage was higher than 50 mg/g dw. SCOD concentration increased from 638.5 mg/L to 6 446.8 mg/L (SDBS) and 4 857.2 mg/L (SDS) respectively. COD dissolution rate increased from 5.8% to 37.3%(SDBS) and 30.2%(SDS) respectively. With the increase of SDS and SDBS dosage in the range of 0~150 mg/g dw, the concentrations of the soluble protein and carbohydrate increased linearly. Soluble carbohydrate increased from 3.54 mg/L to 95.56 mg/L(SDBS) and 64.20 mg/L(SDS) respectively. Soluble protein concentration increased from 11.72 mg/L to 706.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 541.08 mg/L(SDS) respectively. The concentrations of ammonia and VFA also increased with the SDS and SDBS dosage. Ammonia concentrations increased from 4.21 mg/L to 130.33 mg/L(SDBS) and 102.74 mg/L(SDS) respectively. VFA concentrations increased from 21.27 mg/L to 358.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 283.12 mg/L(SDS) respectively.     

Development of integrated reactors for domestic garbage and town sludge

Aiming at domestic garbage aerobic compost and town sludge anaerobic treatment, on the basis of reactor TISTD (the integrated of sludge thickening and digestion)which is developed by the authors’ team, a TIDGTS (the integrated of domestic garbage and town sludge)reactor is designed.The reactor is made up of garbage and sludge chambers.Aerobic compost is adopted in the garbage chamber, while anaerobic fermentation is used in the sludge chamber, thus garbage and sludge can be treated in the same reactor.32~36 ℃ of sludge digestion can be ensured by the heat from sludge digestion, and 20 L sludge and 15 kg garbage can be treated per day.While inlet sludge moisture content is 97.2%~99.8% and VS/TS is 0.45~0.69, the discharged sludge moisture content is 92.7%~96.1% and VS/TS is 0.28~0.42.When the inlet garbage moisture content is 73.5% and VS/TS is 0.65~0.88, the discharged garbage moisture content is 48.6% and VS/TS is 0.32~0.44.The results show that the efficiency of concentration and digestion is near to TISTD which is heated by heating wire.     

城市污泥用于尾矿废弃地土壤改良的可行性研究

通过对城市污泥和尾矿废弃地理化性质以及重金属含量的分析,结合污泥土地利用的有利因素和限制性因素,讨论城市污泥用于尾矿废弃地土壤改良的可行性,提出城市污泥可以作为提高尾矿废弃地土壤肥力、改良土壤理化性质、促进植被恢复生长的土壤改良剂,从而实现尾矿废弃地生态恢复的目的。     

两株耐冷低温菌的分离鉴定及应用的初步研究

[目的]初步研究两株耐冷低温菌对污水CODCr的降解效果。[方法]从天津市空港经济区污水处理厂活性污泥分离获得了两株对污水具有降解能力的耐冷细菌,并对筛选出的单菌株在6℃条件下对模拟生活污水CODCr降解能力进行了测定。[结果]两株耐冷菌初步鉴定为K 36睾丸酮假单胞菌,K 38居泉沙雷氏菌。单个菌株对模拟生活污水CODCr去除率存在差异,菌株K 36去除率为23%,菌株K 38的降解率为53%。生长速率测定结果表明,两株细菌在低温下具有较高的活性。[结论]K 36和K 38存在在污水治理中应用的潜力。     

污泥驯化对苎麻废弃物厌氧消化产沼气的影响

在中温(35℃)条件下对苎麻废弃物进行厌氧消化试验,比较污泥驯化与否对厌氧消化体系的产气量和甲烷含量的影响。结果表明,未经污泥驯化,苎麻废弃物展现出厌氧消化可行性,经过污泥驯化后,厌氧消化产气速率提升,产气缓滞期得到明显缩减或消除,原料产甲烷潜力达到44 mL·g^-1鲜料,即194 mL·g^-1TS。其中,日产沼气和日产甲烷高峰期从2天延长至6天。此外,采用驯化后的污泥,CH_4百分比在5天内迅速上升至55%,并在后期一直稳定于60%左右,表明污泥驯化使苎麻废弃物厌氧消化过程得到了较大促进。     

活性污泥法预处理微污染水的试验研究

分析了微污染水的水质特点,在现有的微污染水处理技术的基础上,提出了一种新的预处理方法,即采用活性污泥法对微污染水进行预处理。实验结果表明:采用活性污泥法处理微污染水,处理效果好,高锰酸钾指数CODmn和总有机碳TOC的平均去除率分别为90.82%和87.09%,最终出水CODmn和TOC平均值为2.644mg/L和2.993mg/L,去除效果明显。     

污泥改良沙土中重金属及营养元素的迁移转化

为探究城市污水厂离心脱水污泥改良沙土对重金属及营养成分迁移转化的影响,利用掺混量为15%的污泥改良沙土作为0—20 cm土层土壤,通过饱和淋洗的方式分析了重金属及营养成分在土层中含量及形态转化,揭示了土层中重金属及营养成分迁移转化规律。结果表明:从重金属总量来看,试验淋洗10次后,土壤表层Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr滞留率较高,分别为78.57%,78.72%,86.35%,76.61%,Ni滞留率较低,为40.37%。但随着淋融次数的增加,重金属都存在一定淋失或向下层土壤迁移的风险;从重金属形态来看,各重金属Ni,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb活性系数（MF）分别为1.657,0.531,0.265,0.113,0,由此可以得出,Ni,Zn在土壤环境中性质不稳定,Cr,Cu性质较为稳定,Pb最为稳定;改良沙土中氮磷营养元素在淋洗后含量下降,氮的流失率为39.36%,磷的流失率为18.67%,氮素较磷素易发生流失,下层沙土氮提升量高于磷。     

污泥复混肥对早熟禾草坪草生长性状及土壤酶活性的影响

为使城市生活污泥得以无害化、资源化综合利用,通过盆栽试验,研究了经无害化处理的生活污泥辅以化肥配制的污泥复混肥对早熟禾草坪草生长以及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:在氮、磷、钾施用总量相同的条件下,随复混肥中污泥含量的增加,草坪土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶活性显著提高,草坪草的颜色明显改善,剪草量、分蘖数显著增加,特别在生长中后期草坪颜色提高两个等级,剪草量鲜重增加10～15g·盆-1,分蘖数增加30～50个·盆-1,细胞膜透性降低40%.但污泥提供氮素养分占总氮量的60%以上时,其肥料效应的增加不再显著,故在配制污泥复混肥时,以污泥提供氮素养分占总氮量的60%左右为宜.     

Effect of freezing and thawing processes on some physical properties of saline–sodic soils mixed with sewage sludge or fly ash

Dispersion of saline–sodic soils was rather difficult to leach. Therefore, negative effects of freeze–thaw on soil physical properties should be reduced by inexpensive and practical methods. This study investigates the effect of freeze–thaw cycles (3, 6, and 9) on wet aggregate stability, bulk density, and permeability coefficient in three soils with different electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage levels (soil I: 5.30 dS m⁻¹, 47.51%; soil II: 42.80 dS m⁻¹, 55.45%; soil III: 36.30 dS m⁻¹, 59.34%) which consist of different proportions of sewage sludge and fly ash by volume (10%, 20%, and 30%). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions using disturbed and non-cropped soil samples mixed with sewage sludge and fly ash. Soils mixed with sewage sludge produced higher aggregate stability and permeability coefficients and lower bulk density values as compared to the soils mixed with fly ash. Sewage sludge added with a rate of 30% eliminated the negative effects of freeze–thaw processes on wet aggregate stability. Freeze–thaw processes did not affect the bulk density of the soils II and III, which were mixed with sewage sludge. However, fly ash addition decreased the bulk density of these soils very significantly after nine freeze–thaw cycles. Addition of sewage sludge or fly ash with rates of 20% and 30% significantly increased the permeability coefficients in soil I after nine freeze–thaw cycles. Results indicated that addition of sewage sludge and/or fly ash to saline–sodic soils could be alternative way for reducing negative effects of freezing–thawing on soil wet aggregate stability, bulk density, and permeability coefficient.     

长江三角洲地区城市污泥对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应

应用滤纸法和自然土壤法测定了长江三角洲地区城市污泥及其与青紫泥混合后对蚯蚓的急性致死效应及慢性毒性效应。结果表明:滤纸法测定的污泥对蚯蚓的毒性症状出现快且严重,不同污泥对蚯蚓的毒性大小差别较大,致死中浓度(LC50)相对应的污泥与水比值(Rsw-LC50)范围在0.0010～0.0242之间。在供试的城市污泥中,上海贮泥池污泥对蚯蚓的毒性最大,上海脱水污泥5对蚯蚓的毒性最小。自然土壤法测定的污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性结果为:所有处理蚯蚓死亡率均为0,各污泥处理对蚯蚓体重增长率的影响差别不大,个别污泥处理蚯蚓体重增长率比对照处理低,即对蚯蚓的体重有负增长影响。与滤纸法各处理相比,中毒症状较轻微,仅极个别中毒症状较明显。与污泥的水浸液相比,污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性大大降低。